Network security protects hardware, software, and data within a network system, safeguards them against accidental or malicious actions, and prevents damage, alteration, or leakage.

The goal is to maintain systems' continuous, reliable, and normal operation, ensuring uninterrupted network services. While commonly associated with the security of computer networks, it also extends to the security of computer communication networks.

Computer communication networks interconnect independent computers with communication devices and transmission media, facilitating information transfer and exchange with the support of communication software. On the other hand, computer networks involve the connection of dispersed computer systems, terminal devices, and data equipment to share resources and exchange data under protocol control.

The fundamental purpose of computer networks is resource sharing, and communication networks serve as the means to achieve this. Therefore, computer networks and corresponding computer communication networks must be secure to enable information exchange and resource sharing for network users.

Network security aims to protect individuals and organizations' and organizations' systems, applications, computing devices, sensitive data, and financial assets. It safeguards them from simple yet pervasive computer viruses, complex and costly ransomware attacks, and various other threats that fall in between.

Network attacks have the potential to disrupt business operations, harm corporate interests, and even cripple organizations, with the associated costs continually rising. It is estimated that by 2025, cybercrime will cause an annual loss of $10.5 trillion to the global economy.

In recent years, rapid advancements in information technology, such as the adoption of cloud computing, network complexity, remote and home office work, bring-your-own-device programs, and the proliferation of interconnected devices and sensors from doorbells and cars to assembly lines, have presented significant business advantages and technological progress. However, they have also exponentially increased avenues for cybercriminals to exploit.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, a recent study found a global shortage of cybersecurity personnel, with a gap of 3.4 million cybersecurity positions. Resource-strapped security teams are focusing on developing comprehensive network security strategies, leveraging advanced analytics, artificial intelligence, and automation to address network threats more effectively and minimize the impact of network attacks.

The digital divide is widening between different countries and regions, and existing rules for cyberspace governance struggle to reflect the will and interests of most nations. Incidents such as invasion of personal privacy, infringement of intellectual property, and cybercrimes occur frequently. Network surveillance, cyber attacks, and activities related to cyber terrorism have become global public hazards.

Faced with these issues and challenges, the international community should strengthen dialogue and cooperation based on mutual respect and trust, promote the transformation of the global internet governance system, and collaboratively build a cyberspace that is peaceful, secure, open, and cooperative, establishing a multilateral, democratic, and transparent global internet governance system.